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The noun is the grammatical category that names the spanish people, animals, or feelings of the things we talk about: chico, perro, mesa, risa.

- There are a number of complements to precise its specific meaning. Here we will describe, among others, the article and the adjective:

The article indicates whether the noun is known or unknown: el chico / un chico.

The adjective indicates a quality of the noun:
chico guapo / perro grande / mesa bonita / risa contagiosa.

Usual order

article + noun + adjective
El + chico + guapo

Arabic

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The noun and its complements agree in gender and number: masculine / femenine, singular / plural. Later we analyze it in detail.

Masculine, singular: El chico guapo - is masculine, by the use of article "el" and the termination of the noun and the adjective in -o. And it is singular by the absence of final-s in the noun and adjective.

Femenine, plural: Las mesas bonitas - is femenine by using the article "las" and the termination of the noun and the adjective in -a. And it is plural by the presence of plural -s in the final substantive and adjective.

Singular: El chico guapo / La mesa bonita / La risa contagiosa

Plural: Los chicos guapos / Las mesas bonitas / Las risas contagiosas

The article determines the noun and is always placed in front of it, and can be an article: determinated or indeterminated.

- Determined - Refers to something we already know: el, los / la, las
- Indeterminate - Refers to something that we do not know: un, unos / una, unas

If you appoint people, animals or things, may be commons or owns:

Commons - They are not different from those of his kind: chica, hija, niño, hermano / leona, perra, gato, mono / casa, pelota, barco, cuadro,...

Owns - They are different from other people, rivers, seas, mountains, countries, ... and always begin with a capital letter: Isabel, Ebro, Mediterráneo, Teide, España,...

Gender. Normally, we can recognize nouns designating beings, people or animals, by his termination -o / -a and by the article preceding it, el, los / la, las; un, unos / una, unas:

el niño, la chica / el gato, la leona / el barco, el cuadro, la casa, la pelota,...

Exceptions: hombre / mujer ; toro / vaca ; caballo / yegua ;...

Number. Usually, the singular form goes without -s, and the plural goes with -s or -es by the end:

-s : coche / coches ; libro / libros ; calle / calles ; nube / nubes

-es : among other things, certain nouns that end in consonant - ciudad / ciudades ;
reloj / relojes ; animal / animales ; tren / trenes ; campeón / campeones ; par / pares ;
rey / reyes ; pez / peces

The qualifying adjective indicates a quality of the noun and is usually placed behind him, but not always.

Gender. They can be variables or invariables:

Variables - With 2 endings, such as noun, or -o by the masculine or -a by the femenine.
el niño guapo, la chica lista / el gato reboltoso, la leona hambrienta / el barco ligero, el cuadro moderno, la casa pequeña, la pelota amarilla,...

Invariables - With only one termination for the masculine and the femenine. Among others:

interesante, importante / ideal, genial / ejemplar / capaz, veraz / amable, agradable
onubense, abulense (native of Huelva, Ávila, respectively) / caliente, valiente, permanente / soez
infantil, pueril / feliz / mayor, menor / veloz, feroz

Number. Plural goes with -s or -es:

-s for all adjectives ending in non-accented vowel:

los niños guapos, las chicas listas / los gatos reboltosos, las leonas hambrientas / los barcos ligeros, los cuadros modernos, las casas pequeñas, las pelotas amarillas,...

-es for adjectives ending in:

Consonant: ideales, geniales ;infantiles, pueriles ; ejemplares
But the -z consonant changes: capaces, veraces ; soeces

Accented vowel: israelíes, baladíes